Dog parents all want a happy, well-behaved, and confident companion. How we achieve this, however, matters greatly. For decades, “dominance theory” shaped how people interacted with and trained their dogs. Modern research has shown that these outdated methods are flawed and often harmful. At Where Sit Happens, we prioritize positive reinforcement training, building trust, understanding, and a strong bond to create lasting behavior change and resilient dogs. Let’s look more closely at the benefits of using positive reinforcement dog training vs dominance theory and why veterinary behaviorists are advocating for more modern methods.

Understanding Positive Reinforcement Dog Training vs Dominance Theory

Dominance theory originates from a misconception about wolf behavior. It suggests that dogs constantly strive for leadership, requiring owners to “show dominance” to prevent them from taking control. This misguided belief led trainers to advocate punitive methods such as physical corrections, “alpha rolls,” and intimidation to assert control.

However, modern research on wolf packs has proven these assumptions inaccurate. Wolves operate more like cooperative families than rigid hierarchies. Renowned wolf researcher David Mech, who initially supported the dominance theory, later acknowledged its inaccuracies, noting that wolves function as cooperative family units, not unlike our families, rather than through aggressive dominance. For example, a male and female that reproduces will be “dominant” over their offspring… just like your mom was in charge when you were a child.

For an insightful read on this topic, check out this article from The New Yorker: “The Myth of the Alpha Wolf”.

Why Dominance Theory in Dog Training is Outdated

Dominance theory gained popularity through media portrayals and anecdotal reports, often without scientific backing. Popular television shows and outdated training manuals reinforced misconceptions, normalizing harsh training methods. Thankfully, modern animal behavior science has provided extensive evidence disproving these myths, shifting dog training practices toward kinder, science-based approaches.

The Harm of Dominance-Based Training vs Positive Reinforcement

Training based on dominance theory can severely harm dogs physically and psychologically. Physical punishment—such as choke collars, alpha rolls, or forceful corrections—can and create fear and anxiety, potentially damaging the relationship between dog and handler. Dogs trained through punishment are often stressed, anxious, fearful, and may develop aggressive behaviors.

Research (such this literature review published by the Animal Welfare Institute) is being done to understand the connection between aversive training methods and signs of stress including appeasement behaviors, increased cortisol production and training effectiveness.

Red Flags of Dominance-Based Training

When selecting a trainer, watch for certain red flags signaling dominance-based methods:

• Use of words like “alpha,” “pack leader,” or “dominant.”
• Recommendations of physical corrections, leash jerks, or harsh reprimands.
• Claims that punishment establishes respect or authority.
• Reliance on forceful equipment like choke collars, prong collars, or shock devices.

An ethical, effective trainer will focus on identifying the root of a dog’s behavior in order to understand what environmental changes and skills need to be taught rather than relying on aversive tools or falling back on dominance theory.

How Positive Reinforcement Dog Training Builds Trust

Positive reinforcement training rewards desired behaviors, strengthening them through praise, treats, toys, or affection. This method is scientifically proven to improve behavior reliably without causing stress or fear. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) supports positive reinforcement training as the best approach, stating that it enhances dogs’ welfare and reduces the likelihood of problematic behaviors.

Positive training promotes mental stimulation, encourages active participation from the dog, and fosters a strong emotional bond. Dogs trained with rewards tend to exhibit greater enthusiasm, reduced anxiety, and a happier demeanor.

Original “dominance theory” was incorrectly applied to wolves in captivity. Further study of wild wolves have changed this way of thinking.

Positive Reinforcement at Where Sit Happens

At Where Sit Happens, we exclusively utilize reward-based methods because they are scientifically proven and align with our ethical commitment to compassionate animal care. Our trainers reinforce desired behaviors through treats, toys, praise, and play. We tailor each training session to your dog’s needs, ensuring a positive, enjoyable learning experience.

According to the AVMA, reward-based training methods are more effective, humane, and less stressful for animals. The AVMA explicitly discourages dominance-based methods, citing clear evidence that punishment or dominance strategies are unnecessary and potentially harmful.

Choosing a Positive Reinforcement Dog Trainer in Oxford, CT

When selecting a trainer, here are a few signs that their methods prioritize positive reinforcement:

They emphasize rewards like treats, praise, or play.

• They avoid using fear, intimidation, or pain-based corrections.
• They provide clear explanations about dog behavior that are grounded in science.
• They advocate patience, consistency, and gentle guidance.

Check out our full blog for more things to look at when hiring a trainer.

Moving Beyond Dominance Theory: The Science of Positive Reinforcement 

Understanding and recognizing outdated and harmful training methods is essential to make informed decisions for your dog’s welfare. Science-based positive reinforcement techniques build long-lasting, reliable behaviors while enhancing your dog’s emotional and physical well-being.

If you’re currently using dominance-based methods or working with a trainer who promotes such tactics, it’s never too late to switch to a more compassionate approach. Positive reinforcement addresses behavioral issues more effectively and enriches your relationship, making training a joyful and fulfilling experience for you and your dog.

At Where Sit Happens, our experienced trainers help you create a personalized training plan that emphasizes positive reinforcement and clear communication. We believe every dog deserves respect, patience, and kindness throughout its training journey.

Take the Next Step Today

Ready to embrace a positive approach to training? At Where Sit Happens, we offer supportive, individualized dog training sessions that prioritize your dog’s well-being and happiness. 

Contact us today and discover the difference positive reinforcement can make for you and your beloved companion. Together, let’s build a happier, healthier relationship – one rewarding dog training experience at a time.